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- <text id=89TT2759>
- <title>
- Oct. 23, 1989: How The U.S. Can Take The Lead
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Oct. 23, 1989 Is Government Dead?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 63
- Special Report: Greening of Geopolitics
- How the U.S. Can Take The Lead in the Third World
- </hdr><body>
- <p>First: stop sending mixed signals
- </p>
- <p>By Eugene Linden
- </p>
- <p> The missionary spirit has always hovered over the U.S.'s
- relations with far-off, backward lands. In the mid-19th
- century, New England ministers went abroad to save souls. A
- century later, foreign aid technocrats preached the virtues of
- hydroelectric dams and other megaprojects. Now a new generation
- of globe-trotting officials is spreading the gospel of
- environmentalism.
- </p>
- <p> The crusade has encountered resistance and stirred
- resentment. Emil Salim, Indonesia's Minister of Environment,
- asks how Americans can berate tropical nations for deforestation
- when U.S. trade barriers discourage development of small
- industries that might provide an alternative source of exports.
- </p>
- <p> Third World spokesmen may simply be trying to deflect the
- criticism they deserve, but they have a point: the U.S.'s
- actions tend to undermine its words. The U.S. is the biggest
- culprit in the buildup of gases that threaten to disrupt the
- global climate. Princeton University's Center for Energy and
- Environmental Studies has concluded that by using existing
- technologies, such as more energy-efficient automobiles and
- manufacturing methods, the U.S. could reduce its CO2 output 40%
- over 40 years. That action alone would take more greenhouse
- gases out of the atmosphere than a total shutdown of industry
- in all of Latin America and Africa.
- </p>
- <p> Meanwhile, the U.S. has virtually withdrawn from the battle
- against overpopulation. Until the Reagan years, the U.S.
- championed the cause of family planning in poorer countries.
- Then antiabortion lobbyists persuaded the White House to halt
- U.S. participation in overseas programs that sanctioned
- abortion. Nowhere is the slogan pro-life more cruelly
- inappropriate than in the vast famine-stricken regions of the
- Third World, where birth and death rates are entwined in a
- vicious spiral. Lester Brown of the Worldwatch Institute notes
- that 40,000 babies die each day from malnutrition and disease,
- and that many of these deaths occur in areas where
- overpopulation has destroyed ecosystems vital for human
- survival.
- </p>
- <p> Too often in developing nations the U.S. has inadvertently
- contributed to the environmental problem rather than the
- solution. In the early 1980s, the U.S. Agency for International
- Development helped build the Mahaweli Dams in Sri Lanka -- a
- multibillion- dollar construction typical of AID's past tendency
- to define development in terms of steel and concrete. The
- project has flooded forests and destroyed tea plantations.
- Washington's Environmental Policy Institute cites the dams as
- one of the 18 most destructive water projects on earth.
- </p>
- <p> After many such debacles, AID has started assessing the
- environmental impact of its funding. Other Executive Branch
- agencies, such as the Treasury Department, which oversees U.S.
- contributions to international lending institutions like the
- World Bank, should follow suit.
- </p>
- <p> The White House might empower one body -- most logically
- the President's Council on Environmental Quality -- to
- coordinate environmental policy and to apply tough standards
- throughout the Government. Partly because it has no such
- mechanism, the Bush Administration's record has often seemed to
- reflect the short-term interests of the business community
- rather than presidential promises to provide international
- leadership. For example, some African nations were outraged last
- spring when the U.S. seemed to be dragging its feet on a
- convention limiting the dumping of toxic wastes on the shores
- of developing countries.
- </p>
- <p> Some nations, notably West Germany, are considering a new
- bookkeeping system to take account of the environmental costs
- of economic production. Present measures of gross national
- product were developed in the 1930s, when natural resources
- seemed infinite. In the Philippines today, renegade coastal
- villagers harvest fish by dynamiting tropical reefs. Under
- current accounting methods, this practice shows up as
- contributing to the GNP, with no adjustment for the depletion
- of the fisheries that results from the destruction of the reefs.
- </p>
- <p> That kind of shortsightedness, writ large, afflicts the
- entire globe. This year the U.N. Statistical Commission will
- undertake a periodic 20-year review of the way it monitors the
- world economy. The World Resources Institute, a Washington-based
- think tank, is urging the U.S. to press the commission to adopt
- a new system to take account of activities that harm the
- environment and thus to encourage policies that will save it.
- The opportunity will not arise again until the year 2010. By
- then, according to nature's own accounting, mankind may be
- environmentally bankrupt.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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